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This presentation is a redacted reproduction of an operator-facing First Notification of Loss (FNOL) procedure guide used inside a large global insurance operation. All customer names, policy and claim numbers, addresses, phone numbers, emails, bank details, agent identifiers, partner/brand names and system names have been replaced with generic placeholders. Screen layouts have been reconstructed to preserve the density and complexity of the real operator experience. Shared under confidentiality for illustrative purposes only.
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FIRST NOTIFICATION OF LOSS
CMS E2E GUIDE

LIVE VERSION

Policy search

STEP 1 > INSERT POLICY NUMBER

STEP 2 > CLICK SEARCH

If there is no policy number available, it is possible to search using other available data in the 'Criteria' section such as a customer name.

Search claim/case_ □ ×
Search
Result

Existing claims

EXISTING CLAIMS ARE DISPLAYED ON THE NEXT SCREEN, AND YOU CAN SELECT ONE AND DOUBLE CLICK TO OPEN IT IF THE CUSTOMER IS NOT LOOKING TO REPORT A NEW CLAIM

Step 3 > If a new claim needs to be set up, please click 'Search Beneficiary'

Search claim/case_ □ ×
List
Notice
Master data
Detail
Sch.+ agrm.
Process slip
Policy no./Claim no.Cl.TypeStDateInvolved personRole(s)Insured DOB
XX00000000 2023 000401RTEG07/11/2023Sample JohnInsured personDD/MM/YYYY
XX00000000 2023 000117RGEO18/10/2023Sample JackInsured personDD/MM/YYYY
XX00000000 2021 004124RTEG09/11/2021Sample JohnInsured personDD/MM/YYYY

STEP 4 > CLICK 'BENEFICIARY FALLBACK SEARCH'

Beneficiary Search <on PHR>×
List
Result
Policy No.Contract nameLegacy Policy NoInceptionExpiryM.classSource
(no records)
AddressCityCredit Card NoDate of BirthFirst nameNameRoleZIP
(no records)
No properties to select

Beneficiary Result×
List
Contract Detail
Ben. Detail
SourceClass typeContract typeBeneficiaryNote
CMSTravel & AssistanceMulti-PackageSample JohnContract No: XX-0000-000-916
CMSTravel & AssistanceMulti-PackageSample SarahContract No: XX-0000-000-916
CMSTravel & AssistanceMulti-PackageSample TerryContract No: XX-0000-000-916
CMSTravel & AssistanceMulti-PackageSample RobertContract No: XX-0000-000-916
CMSTravel & AssistanceMulti-PackageSample JulieContract No: XX-0000-000-916
Credit Card NoDOBFirst nameNameRoleZIP
DD/MM/YYYYJohnSampleSW1A 1AA

Beneficiary details are here.

Data for the selected beneficiary is displayed here.

Step 5 > Carry out Data Protection with the customer and click 'New Claim/Case'.

Incident date

Step 6 > Select the Type of claim/case from the drop down. For Travel claims select 'Travel'

Step 7 > Add the date and time of the incident that caused the customer to raise the claim. This should be the date the loss was confirmed or discovered.

Step 8 > Click 'Create claim/case'

CMS — DESKTOP
_ □ ×
Agent User — UK W61
☑ WORK LIST
📄 CONTRACT
📊 PROD CONTROL
🔍 SEARCH
📋 REPORTS
⋯ MORE
Welcome — Claim creation wizard
New Claim / Case
When did the incident occur?17/11/2023 At what time did the incident occur?10:33 Type of Claim/CaseTravel ▾
TYPEREFERENCEPOLICY HOLDERTIME PersonXX00000000Sample John10:21:42 CallCALL-000045Sample John10:30:12

Event

Step 9 > Select the Event Country from the drop-down menu.

Step 10 > Insert the Event City in the free text field.

Step 11 > Insert a brief description of the event (max 50 characters) into the Event (external) field.

Claim/Case — XX00000000 / 2026 / 000001 — Sample John_ □ ×
Notice
Property
Person
Contract
Coverage
Claim/Case
Further claims
Settlement
Costing
Account
Litigation
Event
Time/Place
Questions
General
Other
Travel itinerary
3rd-pty IC
RI-information

Claim Class

Step 12 > Select the Claim Class. This determines the broad category of claim being handled and drives the downstream loss-type options and reserves required.

  • TR — Travel (most common for this queue)
  • RT — Roadside / Travel assistance
  • RG — Medical / Repatriation
  • MH — Major Household
  • PR — Property / Residence

Selecting the wrong Claim Class will misroute the file and require a rework request.

Claim/Case — Notice > Event_ □ ×
Notice
Property
Person
Contract
Coverage
Claim/Case
Event
Time/Place
Questions
General
Other
Select Claim Class
RT — Roadside / Travel assistance
RG — Medical / Repatriation
TR — Travel ◀
MH — Major Household
PR — Property / Residence
OT — Other

Loss type & Package

Step 13 > Select the Loss type from the drop-down. The list is filtered by the Claim Class you chose in Step 12.

Step 14 > Select the applicable Package from the Package drop-down. Only the packages attached to the customer's active policy will be shown.

If no Package is shown, escalate to the Senior Adjudicator — the contract may be out of cover.

Classification
Package options
Basic — Europe
Standard — Worldwide excl. USA/CA
Premium Gold Account — Worldwide ◀
Platinum Account — Worldwide
Silver Account — Europe

Mass Event

If the event is a declared Mass Event (e.g. named storm, large-scale flight disruption, regional flood), you must link the claim to the active Mass Event record so it is aggregated correctly for CAT reporting and reinsurance.

Open the 'Mass Event' drop-down and select the active record that matches the customer's loss date and region.

If no matching Mass Event exists and you believe one should: raise a Mass Event flag via the Team Manager. Never create a Mass Event record yourself.

Mass Event
CodeNameRegionActive fromActive toLoss type
ME-2026-001Flight disruption — HeathrowUK12/01/202618/01/2026Travel
ME-2026-002Winter floodingNW Europe04/02/2026Property
ME-2026-003Rail strikeUK/FR28/02/202603/03/2026Travel
ME-2026-004Storm AshleyUK10/04/2026Travel / Property

Adding claim details

Step 15 > Open the 'Questions' side-tab. Complete every mandatory question. Mandatory fields are marked with a red asterisk.

Step 16 > Add a brief free-text description of what the customer has told you in the 'Narrative' field.

Step 17 > Click 'Save' before navigating away, or the claim data will be lost.

Notice > Questions
Event
Time/Place
Questions
General
Other
QuestionAnswer
Was the baggage checked in? *Yes
Carrier / airline *Sample Airlines
Flight number *SA123
Property Irregularity Report (PIR) obtained? *Yes — Ref PIR-0000-XYZ
Date baggage was returned18/11/2023
Delay length (hours) *26
Essential items purchased?Yes — receipts held
Total claimed (GBP) *£240.50
Customer reports baggage delay of 26h on return leg from Sample City. PIR obtained at airport. Essential-item receipts to be sent via portal.

Updating contact details / vulnerabilities

Step 18 > Open the 'Person' top tab → 'Contact' side-tab. Confirm (and update if necessary) the customer's preferred phone, email and postal address.

Step 19 > Ask the customer if they consider themselves vulnerable, or if there is anything about their circumstances they would like you to take into account.

Step 20 > If applicable, tag the relevant Vulnerability indicator(s). Never record a vulnerability without the customer's explicit permission.

Person > Contact
Notice
Property
Person
Contract
Master
Contact
Vulnerabilities
Bank details
☐ Hearing impairment ☐ Visual impairment ☐ Bereavement ☐ Serious illness ☐ Financial hardship ☐ Language barrier ☐ Other — free text

Recording consent

Step 21 > Read the standard Data Protection statement to the customer verbatim.

Step 22 > Capture the customer's response in the 'Consent' side-tab.

  • Consent to contact — Yes / No
  • Consent to share with third parties (e.g. medical provider) — Yes / No
  • Consent to record call — Yes / No

If the customer declines consent to share with third parties, the claim may need to default to a paper/evidence-only pathway — flag this in the narrative.

Person > Consent
CategoryResponseCaptured byDate
Contact (phone / email / post)YesAgent User15/04/2026
Share with third partiesYesAgent User15/04/2026
Call recordingYesAgent User15/04/2026
MarketingNoAgent User15/04/2026
"Before we proceed, I need to confirm a few details about how we will use your information. We will use the details you share only to progress this claim, may share them with medical providers or loss adjusters where relevant, and may record this call for training and quality purposes…"

Confirming coverage

Step 23 > Open the 'Coverage' top tab. Verify that the policy was in-force at the date of loss and that the Package selected provides cover for the loss type.

Step 24 > Set the Class status:

  • Covered — policy and package cover the loss
  • Denied — policy or package do not cover the loss
  • Pending — further evidence required before a coverage decision
Coverage
Notice
Person
Contract
Coverage
Claim/Case
Cover check
Exclusions
Excess
Limits

Denying a claim

If cover does not apply, set Class status to Denied and select one of the standard denial reasons:

  • Policy inactive at date of loss
  • Loss type not covered by selected package
  • Event falls within a policy exclusion
  • Claim submitted outside the notification window
  • Pre-existing condition (medical claims)
  • Insufficient evidence after two reminder requests

The denial reason drives the auto-generated denial letter. Selecting the wrong reason will misinform the customer and can be grounds for a complaint.

Coverage — Denied
Standard denial reason list
Policy inactive at date of loss ◀
Loss type not covered by selected package
Event falls within a policy exclusion
Claim submitted outside the notification window
Pre-existing condition (medical claims)
Insufficient evidence
Fraudulent / misrepresented
Other — free text
Policy reached expiry on [date] and was not renewed. Date of loss is [date], which is after the policy end. No cover applies.

Class status — Denied

Once a claim is set to Denied, the system will automatically:

  • Lock the Reserves at zero
  • Block the Settlement, Costing and Account tabs
  • Stage a Denial Letter for approval
  • Create a 5-day customer-response task for the adjudicator

The file will then wait in the 'Denied — pending customer response' queue. If the customer does not challenge the decision within the SLA window, the claim will auto-close.

Claim file — status
STATUS: DENIED
Reason: Policy inactive at date of loss
TaskOwnerDueStatus
Approve denial letterAgent User+1dOpen
Dispatch denial letterSystemon approvalBlocked
Await customer responseQueue+5dBlocked
Auto-close fileSystem+30dBlocked

Covering a 'Denied' claim

If the customer provides new information and the claim should now be covered:

  • Open the 'Coverage' tab and set Class status back to Covered
  • The system will raise a 'Reversal' audit event. You must provide a rationale.
  • All denial artefacts (letter, task chain) will be archived, not deleted.
  • Reserves are unlocked — set them in the next step.

Reversals are subject to a Quality Assurance audit. Reversals without new evidence on file will fail QA.

Coverage — Reverse denial
Customer provided a scanned copy of the renewal certificate confirming that the policy was in-force on the date of loss. System record did not show renewal because of a delayed bank-feed. Loss is covered — reversing denial.

Confirming coverage — setting 'Covered'

When the coverage decision is Covered, complete the following:

  • Confirm the per-claim limit and any excess that apply
  • Confirm annual aggregate available (remaining for this policy year)
  • Confirm any sub-limits (e.g. essential items cap £250)
  • Confirm required evidence list — this feeds the customer communication
Coverage — Covered
STATUS: COVERED
CategoryLimitRemainingExcess
Baggage — Delay£1,500£1,500£0
— Essential items (sub-limit)£250£250£0
Baggage — Loss£1,500£1,500£50
Annual aggregate (Travel)£5,000£5,000
☑ Property Irregularity Report (PIR)   ☑ Boarding pass or e-ticket   ☑ Essential-item receipts   ☐ Proof of baggage return date   ☐ Bank statement (optional)

Updating Reserves

Step 25 > Open the 'Claim/Case' top tab → 'Reserves' side-tab. Reserves represent the maximum expected payout on this claim.

Step 26 > Set a reserve per coverage line. Start from the reserve guidance matrix (next slide). Reserves can be revised up or down at any time during the file's life.

A file that has no reserve set will not auto-route to the Settlement queue.

Claim/Case > Reserves
Notice
Coverage
Claim/Case
Settlement
Summary
Reserves
Comments
Documents
Coverage lineReserve (GBP)Set byDate
Baggage — Delay£240.50Agent User15/04/2026
— Essential items£240.50Agent User15/04/2026
Legal costs (allocated)£0
Expert fees (allocated)£0

Reserves — guidance matrix

Reserve guidance — Travel (current-year)
Loss typeLow (GBP)Mid (GBP)High (GBP)Notes
Baggage — Delay (<24h)£100£150£250Essential items only
Baggage — Delay (24h+)£150£250£400Essential items + perishables
Baggage — Loss (partial)£300£600£1,000Depreciate per schedule
Baggage — Loss (total)£600£1,200£1,500Apply per-article cap
Trip cancellation£250£750£2,500Book splits across parties
Trip curtailment£200£500£1,500Pro-rata unused days
Medical — outpatient£150£500£1,500Include translation
Medical — inpatient£1,500£7,500£25,000Escalate to Senior for >£25k
Medical — repatriation£5,000£15,000£75,000Coordinate with Assistance Partner
Personal liability£0£1,000£50,000Legal-review gated
Use the Mid reserve unless receipts or narrative put the case clearly at Low or High. Revise as evidence arrives.

Adding a comment

Step 27 > Open the 'Comments' side-tab.

Step 28 > Click 'New comment' and select the Comment Type. Comment Types drive who can see the comment and whether it appears in customer correspondence.

Step 29 > Write a concise, factual note. Comments are a permanent part of the claim audit trail.

Never write speculation about fraud or vulnerability in a customer-visible comment. Use the internal-only flag.

Claim/Case > Comments
TypeVisible to customerVisible to third parties
Internal noteNoNo
Customer-visible updateYesNo
Third-party handoffNoYes
QA / Supervisor noteNoNo
Spoke with customer at 10:33. PIR reference and flight number captured. Essential-item receipts to be uploaded via portal. Reserve set at £240.50.

Viewing / removing comments

Step 30 > Comments are shown in reverse-chronological order. Filter by Type using the drop-down.

Comments cannot be deleted. They can only be retracted by a Team Manager, which leaves a visible 'retracted' marker on the audit trail. Retraction requires a written reason.

Comments — history
Filter:
DateUserTypeComment
15/04/2026 10:38Agent UserInternalReserve set at £240.50. Essential-item receipts pending upload.
15/04/2026 10:33Agent UserCustomer-visibleClaim opened. We will contact you within 3 working days with next steps.
15/04/2026 10:31SystemAuditClaim created from policy XX00000000.
14/04/2026 17:02Agent PriorInternal [RETRACTED by TM]Initial speculation about pre-existing condition — retracted per QA review.

Requesting evidence from the customer

For each coverage line, the system presents a required-evidence checklist (built from the product configuration).

For evidence the customer must supply, create an 'Evidence request' task. The system will:

  • Build a customer-facing letter listing the items required
  • Generate a secure upload link (valid 30 days)
  • Set a 10-day reminder and 20-day escalation
  • Pause the SLA clock while evidence is outstanding
Evidence request
ItemRequired?On file?Request?
Property Irregularity Report (PIR)Yes
Boarding pass / e-ticketYes☑ Request
Essential-item receipts (itemised)Yes☑ Request
Proof of baggage return dateOptional
Bank statement (if cash-back)Optional

Creating communication

Step 31 > Navigate to the 'Communication' side-tab under Claim/Case.

Step 32 > Click 'New' and select the communication template from the library (200+ templates).

Step 33 > Personalize the letter — most templates auto-merge the customer's name, policy number, and the claim details. Verify every merge field before sending.

Communication — New
CodeNameChannelLanguage
TPL-001Acknowledgement — claim receivedEmailEN
TPL-014Evidence request — Baggage DelayEmail + LetterEN
TPL-023Reminder — evidence outstanding (10d)EmailEN
TPL-041Coverage denied — policy inactiveLetterEN
TPL-055Settlement offerEmail + LetterEN
TPL-072Final payment confirmationEmailEN
TPL-091Complaint acknowledgementLetterEN

Selecting the recipient

Choose the recipient from the roles attached to the claim. In most claims the primary insured is the recipient; in some (e.g. medical, legal) the recipient may be a third party such as a hospital, loss adjuster, or lawyer.

Double-check the recipient's consent and preferred channel — these are captured in the Person > Consent side-tab.

Communication — Recipient
RoleNameConsent?ChannelSelect
Insured personSample JohnYesEmail
Policy holderSample JohnYesEmail
Medical providern/a
Loss adjustern/a
Third-party (free text)

Class status

Step 34 > Before closing out the FNOL session, confirm the Class status on the claim. Options:

  • Open — Awaiting evidence
  • Open — Awaiting third-party
  • Open — Ready for settlement
  • Denied
  • On hold (vulnerability / complaint / legal)

Your manager sees workload broken down by Class status, so accurate coding matters for capacity planning.

Claim/Case — Status
StatusCountSLA breach
Awaiting evidence342
Awaiting 3rd party191
Ready for settlement110
Denied — pending response60
On hold31

Creating linked cases

A single incident may give rise to multiple claims (e.g. Travel + Medical + Baggage for a single customer, or multiple beneficiaries on a family trip).

Use 'Linked case' to create a sister claim that inherits the policy, beneficiary, event date and event description — you only need to fill in the Loss type, Package and Reserves.

Don't create linked cases where a single case will suffice. Each case carries its own reserve and SLA, so over-splitting inflates the operational book.

Linked cases
XX00000000 / 2026 / 000001 — Sample John — Baggage Delay
Claim no.BeneficiaryLoss typeStatus
XX00000000 / 2026 / 000002Sample SarahBaggage DelayOpen — Awaiting evidence
XX00000000 / 2026 / 000003Sample JulieTrip CurtailmentOpen — Ready for settlement

Attaching a Package

If the correct Package was not selected during the Event step, or if the customer contacts with a subsequent claim on a different package, use 'Attach Package' to associate the appropriate cover with the file.

The Package attachment drives:

  • Applicable limits and excesses
  • Required evidence checklist
  • Permitted settlement channels
  • Communication templates available

Changing the package mid-file triggers a QA audit event.

Package attachment
PackageScopeLimitAttached?
Premium Gold Account — WorldwideTravel + Baggage + Medical£5,000 agg.● Attached
Platinum Account — WorldwideTravel + Baggage + Medical + Gadget£10,000 agg.
Silver Account — EuropeTravel + Baggage (limited)£1,500 agg.
Car Breakdown Add-onRoadside (UK)per-event £500
SECTION 02

CLAIM HANDLING

Once the FNOL is complete, the file moves into Claim Handling. Over the next ~40 slides we walk through: duplicate checks, settlement calculation, 11 numbered handling steps across the Person, Policy, Bank, Coverage, Provision, Assignment, Settlement, Costing, Account and Letter tabs — and the final Comment step that closes the handling block.

Check for Duplicates

Before settlement, run the Duplicate Check. The system flags any claim on the same policy within ±90 days that has:

  • the same loss type, AND
  • an overlapping event date, OR
  • an overlapping receipt upload

Duplicates are a leading indicator of mis-keyed claims and opportunistic fraud. Resolve every flagged match before paying.

Duplicate check
PolicyClaim no.Loss typeEvent dateReceipt hashMatch
XX000000002025/004132Baggage Delay17/11/2025abc123…Event date ±1y
XX000000002024/009044Baggage Delay18/11/2024Loss type
Low-risk signal. Matches are separated by ≥12 months. Document rationale and proceed.

Calculate Settlement

Build the settlement figure from first principles:

  • Start with the receipted amount
  • Apply coverage sub-limits (e.g. £250 essential-items cap)
  • Apply per-claim limit
  • Apply excess
  • Deduct any previously paid interim payments
  • Apply FX conversion if the receipts are in another currency (use the Bank of England mid-rate on the date of loss)
Settlement calculation
Receipted amount (GBP)£240.50
Less: sub-limit cap (essential items £250)(£0.00)
Less: per-claim limit (£1,500)(£0.00)
Less: excess (£0)(£0.00)
Less: interim payments(£0.00)
FX adjustment£0.00
SETTLEMENT PAYABLE£240.50

Handling Step 1 — Person tab (Master)

Handling Step 1 > Open the Person tab → Master. Reconfirm that every field on the primary customer record is accurate and current.

Fields with a red asterisk must be completed for settlement to proceed. Any change here is written to the central customer master record and will propagate to other claims on the same customer.

Person > Master
SystemIdentifierLinked since
CMS (internal)CM-000123452019
Partner BankPB-████████2020
PHRPHR-00009122019

Handling Step 1 — Person tab (Address)

Confirm the customer's primary correspondence address. If the customer is abroad when the incident occurs, capture the temporary address separately — do not overwrite the primary.

Changes to primary address trigger a confirmation letter to both the old and new address (dual-send) to detect account takeover.

Person > Address

Handling Step 1 — Person tab (Contact)

Confirm phone, email, and preferred channel. Verify the email is deliverable (the system runs an async hard-bounce check — red indicator if the email is invalid).

If the customer is hard of hearing or has any communication preference, record that here too — it is surfaced to every future agent handling this file.

Person > Contact
ChannelValueVerified?Preferred?
Mobile+44 7000 000000Yes
Landline+44 20 0000 0000Yes
Emailcustomer@example.comYes (15/04/2026)
Postal1 Example Street, London SW1A 1AA
SMS+44 7000 000000Yes
☐ Large print letters ☐ Braille ☐ Prefer SMS over calls ☐ Relay service ☐ Appointed representative

Handling Step 1 — Person tab (Identity)

Identity verification is required for settlements > £500. The system supports three verification routes: bank-stream (automatic), document scan (customer uploads ID via portal), or phone-based knowledge-based authentication.

Never rely on the customer verbally confirming their own details over the phone as identity verification. That is a service check, not an ID check.

Person > Identity
MethodStatusVerified onValid until
Bank-stream (Partner Bank)Verified01/03/202501/03/2027
Document — PassportNot started
Document — Driving licenceNot started
KBA (phone)Not started
ID check satisfied. Bank-stream verification is current. No further action required for this settlement.

Handling Step 2 — Add beneficiary

Handling Step 2 > If the settlement is payable to someone other than the primary insured (spouse, minor child's guardian, medical provider, estate executor), add that payee as a Beneficiary on the file.

Beneficiary types: Natural Person, Legal Person (e.g. hospital), Estate.

Beneficiaries
RoleNameRelationshipDefault payee?
InsuredSample Johnself
Additional insuredSample Sarahspouse
Additional insuredSample Juliechild (under 18)
Medical provider
Estate

Handling Step 2 — Beneficiary (Natural Person)

When adding a Natural Person beneficiary, capture their full legal name, date of birth, nationality, relationship to the insured, and consent to be paid.

For minors, capture the guardian's details in the 'Payee-on-behalf' section.

Beneficiary — Natural Person

Handling Step 2 — Beneficiary (Legal Person)

Legal Person beneficiaries are typically hospitals, medical clinics, tour operators, or loss-adjusting firms. Capture the legal trading name, company number, VAT number and invoice-handling contact.

Payments to Legal Persons require a validated supplier record. New suppliers must be routed through Finance for sanctions screening — allow 3–5 business days.

Beneficiary — Legal Person
UK HMTNot screened
EU consolidatedNot screened
OFAC SDNNot screened

Handling Step 2 — Beneficiary (Estate)

When the policy holder is deceased, the beneficiary becomes the Estate. Capture the Grant of Probate (or letters of administration) reference and the executor's contact details.

Payments to Estates require two-person authorisation regardless of value, and the Grant of Probate must be on file.

Beneficiary — Estate
Two-person auth required. Settlement cannot be released until Grant of Probate has been uploaded and verified.

Handling Step 2 — Primary payee

Mark exactly one beneficiary as the Primary payee. This is the account that will receive the settlement. Only the Primary payee's bank details are used — additional beneficiaries are kept for audit purposes.

If the primary payee changes mid-file, the system preserves the full history.

Primary payee
RoleNamePrimary?Since
InsuredSample John● Primary15/04/2026
SpouseSample Sarah
Medical providerExample Medical Centre Ltd
Primary fromPrimary toPayeeChanged by
15/04/2026Sample JohnAgent User

Handling Step 3 — Policy checks & upgrades

Verify the policy is (a) in-force at the date of loss, (b) paid up-to-date, and (c) not pending a renewal or upgrade that would have changed cover.

If the customer has been upgraded since the loss (e.g. moved from Silver to Gold), the original cover applies — upgrades don't retroactively improve cover.

Downgrades are also non-retroactive. Check the effective date of every package change.

Policy history
Effective fromEffective toPackagePremiumStatus
01/01/201931/12/2020Silver — Europe£120/yEnded
01/01/202131/12/2022Gold — Worldwide£180/yEnded
01/01/2023Premium Gold — Worldwide£220/yACTIVE at DoL
Cover confirmed. Premium Gold — Worldwide was active on the date of loss (17/11/2023). Settlement can proceed on Premium Gold limits.

Handling Step 4 — Bank details (lookup)

Handling Step 4 > Open the 'Bank details' side-tab on the Person record for the Primary payee.

If the customer's account is already linked via the Partner Bank feed, the account will pre-populate and show as 'Verified'. Otherwise capture sort code and account number and let the system run a CoP (Confirmation of Payee) check.

Bank details — lookup
SourceAccountLast 4Verified
Partner Bank feedGBP Current****0000Yes — CoP pass
Customer-entered

Handling Step 4 — Bank details (entry)

If the account is new, capture:

  • Account holder name (must match Primary payee name — case-insensitive)
  • Sort code (UK, 6 digits)
  • Account number (UK, 8 digits)
  • IBAN & BIC (for non-UK)
  • Currency (settlement currency = GBP by default)

CoP mismatch requires a supervisor override before payment. Never pay around a CoP hard-fail.

Bank details — new account
CoP result: EXACT MATCH. Name and account holder match at the payee bank. Safe to pay.

Handling Step 4 — Bank details (third-party)

For Legal Person payees (hospital, tour operator, loss adjuster), bank details are sourced from the supplier master record — not captured per-claim.

If the supplier's bank details have changed, raise a supplier-change request. This is never done over the phone with someone calling in — it must be verified via the supplier's registered finance contact.

Supplier bank-change fraud is a known and active threat vector. Follow the protocol.

Supplier bank details

Handling Step 5 — Coverage confirmation

Re-open the Coverage tab. Confirm the package is attached, the loss type is covered, and (critical) that the specific coverage line you are about to settle is not excluded.

The 'Exclusions' side-tab lists every exclusion the product applies. For Travel, common exclusions include: pre-declared medical conditions, hazardous activities (unless declared), travel against FCO advice, alcohol-related incidents, unattended baggage.

Coverage — confirmation
PackagePremium Gold — Worldwide
Loss typeBaggage — Delay (≥24h)
Cover in force at DoLYes
Exclusions appliedNone
Excess£0
Per-claim limit£1,500
Sub-limit (essential items)£250
☑ Pre-declared medical conditions   ☑ Hazardous activities   ☑ FCO-advisory travel   ☑ Alcohol   ☑ Unattended baggage

Handling Step 6 — Provision

The Provision is the accounting reserve held against this claim. It is distinct from the operational Reserve — the Provision is what reaches the financial ledger and is ultimately released as 'paid' or 'recovered'.

Set the Provision equal to the settlement-payable amount. Refresh the provision if new receipts push the expected payout up or down by ±10%.

Provision
DateUserAmountReason
15/04/2026Agent User+£240.50Initial set

Handling Step 7 — Create assignment

An Assignment is a discrete unit of work attached to the claim — e.g. 'Request evidence from airline', 'Schedule medical provider call', 'Loss adjuster site visit'. Assignments can be internal or sent to an external partner.

Each assignment has: owner, SLA, cost budget, deliverable. When the assignment is complete, its cost flows to the Costing tab.

Assignments
AssignmentOwnerSLABudgetStatus
Evidence chase — boarding passAgent User+3d£0Open
Carrier PIR confirmationInsurance Partner (external)+7d£35Open
Essential-item receipt reviewAgent User+2d£0Open

Handling Step 8 — Settlement (create)

Open the Settlement tab and click 'New settlement'. Select the coverage line the payment is against. The system pre-fills the amount from the Settlement Calculation (Slide 31).

A claim can have multiple settlements (e.g. part-payment now, balance on receipt of further documents).

Settlement — new

Handling Step 8 — Settlement (authorise)

Settlements above authority thresholds require supervisor authorisation:

  • Up to £500 — agent authority
  • £501 – £5,000 — team manager
  • £5,001 – £25,000 — senior claims
  • £25,001+ — claims director + ops director (dual sign)

If you submit a settlement above your threshold, the file routes to the required approver's queue automatically.

Settlement — authorise
Agent authority. This settlement (£240.50) is within your authority. No further approver required.
RoleRequired?Assigned toStatus
AgentYesAgent User✓ Approved
Team ManagerNon/a
Senior ClaimsNon/a
Director dual-signNon/a

Handling Step 8 — Settlement (release)

Click 'Release' to push the settlement to the payment run. Payment runs execute three times per day (09:00, 13:00, 17:00 UK). Settlements released after 17:00 are paid the next business day.

Once released, the settlement is locked. To change it, you must cancel and re-create — which is visible in the audit trail.

Settlement — release
CoverageAmountPayeeBankRelease?
Baggage — Delay£240.50Sample John****0000
Next payment run: 17:00 — today. Released settlements will be visible in the payee account within 2 business hours (FPS).

Handling Step 8 — Settlement (history)

Every settlement on the file is shown with its full lifecycle: created → authorised → released → paid → reconciled. Reconciliation matches the FPS credit on the bank feed back to the settlement and closes the ledger entry.

If a settlement is unreconciled for >5 business days, Finance will raise a ticket for investigation.

Settlement history
IDAmountCreatedReleasedPaidStatus
SET-0001£240.5015/04 10:4215/04 17:0015/04 19:04Reconciled
15/04 10:42 Agent User — Created settlement SET-0001 (£240.50)
15/04 10:43 Agent User — Authorised under agent authority
15/04 17:00 System — Released in run R-2026-04-15-17
15/04 19:04 System — Paid via FPS, ref FP000000001
15/04 19:06 System — Reconciled vs bank feed
15/04 19:06 System — Ledger entry 4001-000 closed

Handling Step 9 — Costing (overview)

The Costing tab captures the ancillary expenses tied to this claim, separate from the settlement to the customer. Examples: external loss-adjuster fees, medical-provider retainer, translation services, legal review.

Cost lines are booked to claim-cost ledger accounts, which are reported separately from customer indemnity in management accounts.

Costing
Cost typeSupplierAmountStatus
External loss adjuster£0
Medical provider retainer£0
Translation£0
Legal review£0
Courier / postageCourier Co£4.80Booked

Handling Step 9 — Costing (new entry)

To add a cost line, select the cost type, supplier (from the supplier master), amount and supporting invoice reference. Attach the invoice PDF to the line.

Cost lines without an invoice attachment are held in 'Pending' and will not be paid in the next finance run.

Costing — new entry

Handling Step 9 — Costing (approval)

Cost lines above £250 require approval from the team manager. Above £2,500 — senior claims. Above £10,000 — operations director.

Approvers can approve, reject, or send back for more information. Rejected cost lines can be edited and re-submitted.

Costing — approval queue
ClaimCost typeAmountRequesterAction
XX/.../000001Translation£48.00Agent UserAuto-approved (<£250)
XX/.../000442External LA£650.00Agent BPending — TM
XX/.../000611Legal review£3,200.00Agent CPending — Senior

Handling Step 10 — Account (ledger view)

The Account tab is the claim's financial summary: total indemnity paid, ancillary costs, recoveries (from third parties or reinsurers), and the net claim cost to date.

These numbers flow straight to finance each night. Accuracy here is audit-critical.

Account — summary
Indemnity paid to customer£240.50
Ancillary costs£52.80
Subrogation recovered(£0.00)
Reinsurance recovered(£0.00)
NET CLAIM COST£293.30
Opening reserve: £240.50   →   Paid: £240.50   →   Closing reserve: £0.00

Handling Step 10 — Account (recoveries)

Register any recovery expected from a third party. Two flows:

  • Subrogation — recovering from a negligent third party (e.g. a courier who damaged baggage)
  • Reinsurance — recovering from a reinsurer for claims above the retention layer

Recoveries are tracked separately and net off against the gross paid in management accounts.

Recoveries
TypeCounterpartyExpectedRecoveredStatus
SubrogationSample Airlines£240.50Open — 30d
Reinsurancen/a (below retention)

Handling Step 10 — Account (journals)

View the claim's nightly journal entries to the finance ledger. These entries are generated automatically and should not be edited by adjudicators.

If a journal entry is wrong, raise a journal correction request with Finance — never attempt to edit the ledger directly.

Journals
DateLedgerDrCrNarrative
15/044001 — Indemnity paid240.50Settlement SET-0001
15/041120 — Cash240.50FPS payment
15/045201 — Claim-handling costs52.80Cost COST-0001+2
15/041120 — Cash52.80Supplier payments
15/042001 — Reserve (release)240.50Reserve unwind

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (template)

The customer receives a Settlement Letter confirming the amount paid, the coverage line it relates to, and any conditions. Pick the correct template from the library.

Variants: Full settlement, Interim, Ex-gratia, Goodwill top-up, Settlement with salvage rights.

Settlement letter — template
CodeNameChannel
TPL-072Final settlement — TravelEmail + Letter
TPL-073Interim settlementEmail + Letter
TPL-074Ex-gratia — goodwillLetter
TPL-075Settlement with salvage rightsLetter

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (merge)

The letter is built from merge fields. Always check every merge field before sending — if a merge field is empty, the template will either print [FIELD] or silently fall back, depending on the template.

Merge preview
FieldValue
{{customer_title_fname_lname}}Mr John Sample
{{policy_no}}XX00000000
{{claim_no}}XX00000000 / 2026 / 000001
{{loss_type}}Baggage Delay ≥24h
{{settlement_amount}}£240.50
{{paid_to_bank_last4}}****0000
{{paid_date}}15/04/2026
{{adjudicator_name}}Agent User
{{complaint_rights_para}}[standard complaint rights — FOS]

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (preview)

Letter preview
Global Insurer — Claims Services
Reference: XX00000000 / 2026 / 000001
Dated: 15 April 2026
Mr John Sample
1 Example Street
London SW1A 1AA
Dear Mr Sample,
We are writing to confirm the settlement of your recent travel claim relating to the baggage delay on 17 November 2023.
Following our review of the Property Irregularity Report, boarding pass and essential-item receipts you provided, we have settled the claim in full under your Premium Gold — Worldwide cover.
Settlement amount: £240.50
Paid by Faster Payments to your account ending ****0000 on 15 April 2026.
If you disagree with our decision, please see the enclosed complaints leaflet for information on how to refer the matter to the Financial Ombudsman Service.
Yours sincerely,

Agent User
Claims Adjudicator

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (approval)

Letters that carry a legal position statement (denial, complaint response, without-prejudice) are routed to legal for sign-off. Standard settlement letters are signed off by the adjudicator.

Template-driven standard letters have a pre-approved tone, content and regulatory paragraphs.

Letter — approval
Standard template — adjudicator approval only. No additional sign-off required.

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (dispatch)

On approval the system dispatches the letter through the customer's preferred channel(s). Standard SLA is:

  • Email — within 30 minutes
  • SMS — within 30 minutes
  • Letter (Royal Mail 2nd class) — next working day pickup

Dispatch confirmations are written back to the claim audit trail.

Dispatch log
ChannelQueuedSentDeliveredRef
Email15/04 17:0215/04 17:0215/04 17:02MSG-a1b2c3
SMS15/04 17:0215/04 17:0315/04 17:03SMS-d4e5f6
Letter (postal)15/04 17:0216/04 — pickupPending RMRM-g7h8i9

Handling Step 11 — Settlement letter (archive)

A PDF copy of every letter sent is archived to the claim's Documents folder. The archived PDF is exactly what the customer received, including merge fields resolved and regulatory footers rendered.

Archived letters are immutable and retained for 10 years (UK regulatory minimum).

Documents
TypeFilenameCreatedRetention
Letter — SettlementTPL-072_2026-04-15_XX...0001.pdf15/04/202615/04/2036
Letter — Evidence reqTPL-014_2026-04-15_XX...0001.pdf15/04/202615/04/2036
PIRPIR-customer-upload.pdf15/04/202615/04/2036
Receipts (6)receipts-bundle-001.zip15/04/202615/04/2036
Boarding passboarding-pass.pdf15/04/202615/04/2036

Handling Close-out — Add comment

Before marking handling complete, leave a close-out comment summarising:

  • What was settled and why
  • Any conditions / flags future agents should know about
  • Open items (e.g. subrogation being chased in the background)

The close-out comment is the single best artefact when a file is re-opened months later.

Close-out comment
Settled Baggage Delay 24h+ at full receipted value of £240.50 under Premium Gold — Worldwide. PIR, boarding pass and receipts all on file. Subrogation opened against Sample Airlines for full value (30-day follow-up). No vulnerability flags. Customer satisfied during the 17:03 confirmation call. File closed.

Handling Close-out — Comment history

View the full comment history for the file. Close-out comments are tagged distinctly so future agents can find the TL;DR without reading 40+ earlier entries.

Comment history — filtered
DateUserSummary
15/04/2026 17:04Agent UserClose-out — Baggage Delay settled £240.50; subro open.

Handling Close-out — Attach evidence

Ensure all evidence items are uploaded and indexed against the right coverage line. Evidence that sits loose in the file (not indexed to a coverage line) is invisible to downstream recoveries and QA.

Evidence index
DocumentIndexed toUploaded
PIRBaggage — Delay15/04
Boarding passBaggage — Delay15/04
Receipts (6)Baggage — Delay (essential items)15/04
Customer correspondenceGeneral15/04
SECTION 03

COMPLETING OUTSTANDING TASKS

After core handling, the claim may still have open assignments — recoveries, supplier invoices, customer follow-ups. This section covers how to work the task list, how to release assignments on closure, and how to safely close a file with residual tasks.
SECTION 04

CLOSING THE CLAIM

Claim closure is a one-click action — but it has significant downstream effects on reserves, reinsurance recoveries, analytics dashboards, and customer perception. This section covers the preflight checklist, the close action, and how to re-open a file if new information arrives.

Open assignments — releasing to close case

Before a file can be closed, every open assignment must be:

  • Completed — marked done with a deliverable
  • Released — transferred to a non-file queue (e.g. long-tail subrogation)
  • Cancelled — with a documented reason

Subrogation and reinsurance recoveries can continue after close via a background recovery case that doesn't block the claim itself.

Assignments — pre-close
AssignmentStatusPre-close action
Evidence chase — boarding passDoneMark complete
Carrier PIR confirmationDoneMark complete
Essential-item receipt reviewDoneMark complete
Subrogation — Sample AirlinesOpen — 30dRelease to Recoveries queue

Re-opening a closed case

If new information arrives after closure — additional receipts, customer dispute, complaint, fraud signal — the case must be re-opened. Re-opening:

  • Unlocks the Settlement, Costing, Account tabs
  • Resets the SLA clock with a 48-hour turnaround
  • Writes a re-open event to the audit trail

A file that's re-opened more than twice is automatically escalated to a senior adjudicator for root-cause review.

Re-open claim
SECTION 05

FLAG A POTENTIAL FRAUD

Adjudicators are the first line of defence against opportunistic and organised fraud. This final section covers fraud signals, the flag-it workflow, what happens after a flag (Counter-Fraud Unit review), and the adjudicator's legal and regulatory obligations.

Fraud signals — what to look for

Common signals that raise the probability a claim is not genuine:

  • Receipts from closely related accounts / same IP
  • Claim filed within 14 days of policy inception
  • Duplicate narrative across unrelated claims
  • Edited / photoshopped receipt metadata
  • Evasive answers or inconsistent timelines
  • Claim amount suspiciously close to a sub-limit

Fraud signals are probabilistic, not deterministic. Never accuse a customer — flag and let the Counter-Fraud Unit investigate.

Signal board
SignalWeightOn this claim?
Receipt/IP match to another claimHighNo
Claim within 14d of inceptionMediumNo
Duplicate narrativeMediumNo
Edited receipt metadataHighNo
Inconsistent timelineMediumNo
Amount just under sub-limitLowNo
No fraud signals detected. Standard handling.

Raising a fraud flag

If you have a reasonable basis to suspect fraud, click 'Flag potential fraud' on the claim. This:

  • Writes a confidential flag only visible to you and the Counter-Fraud Unit
  • Pauses any pending settlements (they cannot be released)
  • Routes the file into the CFU triage queue
  • Protects the adjudicator from downstream liability for the decision not to pay immediately
Flag — potential fraud
Narrative on this file is a near-verbatim match to another claim filed 11 days ago on a different policy (XX...9876). Receipt PDF metadata indicates it was created in a graphic-editing tool rather than a POS system. Flagging for CFU review.

What happens after a flag

The Counter-Fraud Unit picks up every flag within 24 hours. Their workflow:

  • Triage — score the flag, decide open investigation / dismiss
  • Investigation — intelligence checks, device-fingerprint review, external data lookups
  • Intervention — deny the claim, request further evidence, warn the customer, or clear
  • Reporting — if confirmed fraud: Cifas filing, Insurance Fraud Bureau notification, and (where appropriate) ActionFraud referral
CFU workflow
StageSLAOutcome
Triage24hOpen / Dismiss
Investigation5–15dEvidence scorecard
Intervention+2dDeny / Pay / Clarify
Reportingon confirmedCifas / IFB / ActionFraud

Adjudicator obligations

If the CFU confirms fraud, the adjudicator must:

  • Switch the claim to 'Denied — Fraud confirmed'
  • Release the standard fraud-denial letter (legal-approved template)
  • Cancel any pending settlements
  • Flag the customer record at policy level (do not auto-cancel policy — that's a separate decision)
  • Under no circumstances tip off the customer that a fraud report has been made

Tipping off is a criminal offence under the Proceeds of Crime Act. This is not a procedural rule — it is a statutory duty.

Post-confirmation checklist
☐ Set claim status = Denied — Fraud confirmed
☐ Dispatch fraud-denial letter (TPL-091F)
☐ Cancel pending settlements
☐ Flag customer record (CFU-marker)
☐ Confirm no tipping-off occurred
☐ File Cifas report (CFU action)

False-positive handling

If the CFU clears the claim (no fraud), the adjudicator must:

  • Immediately resume standard handling
  • Apologise to the customer only if the investigation caused delay visible to them (e.g. a missed SLA)
  • Log a 'cleared — false positive' outcome against the original flag (feeds model re-training)
  • Consider a goodwill gesture if the customer has been inconvenienced

Flagging rates and false-positive rates are reviewed at team level every quarter — too few flags or too many false positives are both problematic.

False-positive — resume handling
CFU cleared — no fraud. Resume standard settlement track. File unlocked.
WHAT YOU JUST WALKED THROUGH

One adjudicator. One claim.
Thousands of decisions.

77
UI screens in the training guide for a single claim lifecycle
34+
numbered FNOL procedure steps before handling even begins
11
numbered handling steps across Person, Policy, Bank, Coverage, Provision, Assignment, Settlement, Costing, Account, Letter, Comment
13
top-level tabs on the claim file — each with 4–8 side-tabs of its own
200+
communication templates to pick the right letter / email / SMS from
4
authority tiers gating every settlement (agent → TM → senior → dual-sign director)
6
denial-reason codes, each driving a distinct regulatory letter
5
sections of work: FNOL · Handling · Outstanding tasks · Close · Fraud
payment runs per day — miss 17:00 and the customer waits until tomorrow
10 yrs
statutory retention on every letter, comment, and evidence item
≥ 6
fraud signals scored per claim, with "tipping off" a criminal offence
1
wrong Claim Class / Package / CoP override and the file reworks or escalates
Every field is mandatory-flagged. Every deviation is audited. Every wrong template is a complaint waiting to happen. The adjudicator is expected to do this accurately, compassionately, and inside SLA — all day, every day.
Now multiply by every line of business (travel · motor · home · medical · pet · gadget), every country, every package, every language, every regulatory variant. That is the operational surface area Otera is built to shrink.